Minimally Invasive Treatments for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

PurposeTo review and to compare indirectly the outcomes of minimally invasive therapies for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia.Materials and MethodsA literature search via Medline and Cochrane Central databases was completed for randomized control studies published between January 2000 to April 2020 for the following therapies: Rezum, Urolift, Aquablation, and prostatic artery embolization (PAE). Data on the following variables were included: International prostate symptom score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate, quality of life, and postvoid residual (PVR). Standard mean differences between treatments were compared through a meta-analysis using transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) to assess differences in treatment effect.ResultsThere was no significant difference in outcomes between therapies for IPSS at the 3, 6, and 12-month follow ups. Although outcomes for Rezum were only available out to 3 months, there were no consistently significant differences in outcomes when comparing Aquablation versus PAE versus Rezum. TURP PVR was significantly better than Urolift at 3, 6, and 12 months. No significant differences in minor or major adverse events were noted.ConclusionAlthough significant differences in outcomes were limited, Aquablation and PAE were the most durable at 12 months. PAE has been well studied on multiple randomized control trials with minimal adverse events while Aquablation has limited high quality data and has been associated with bleeding-related complications.     

基于信息平台的医院POCT管理改进

以华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院为例，探讨医院通过健全POCT管理体系，并借助信息平台改进POCT管理的经验，为其他医院POCT规范化管理提供参考。该医院通过搭建POCT管理平台，实现了设备标准化准入、人员资质统一授权、设备自动化质控和诊疗全流程闭环管理；基于信息平台的POCT管理改进，提升了医护人员的POCT认知度和操作水平，提高了医疗工作效率；实行诊疗全程风险管控，保障了医疗安全。     

TOPSIS法和秩和比法模糊联合在基本公共卫生服务质量综合评价中的应用研究

背景国家基本公共卫生服务项目的开展是我国新医改的重要举措，自2009年国家基本公共卫生服务项目开展后，其服务经费与服务项目不断扩增，由于涉及指标较多，覆盖面较广，探寻科学、客观、全面的基本公共卫生服务综合评价方法十分必要。目的探索适宜的基本公共卫生服务质量综合评价方法，通过质量评价为调整相关政策和提高服务质量提供依据。方法2019年2—4月，采用多阶段立意抽样方式从Z省南部、中部和北部地区共选取24家社区卫生服务中心（乡镇卫生院）作为评价对象，记为机构A~X。采用逼近理想解排序法（TOPSIS法）、秩和比法及二者模糊联合的方法对24家社区卫生服务中心（乡镇卫生院）2018年基层医疗卫生机构基本公共卫生服务质量进行综合评价（参考2018年国家基本公共卫生服务项目选取12项评价指标）。结果在TOPSIS法评价中，Ci值排名前三名的为A（0.917 4）、C（0.875 9）和G（0.787 9），Ci值排名后三名的为I（0.414 2）、W（0.413 7）和N（0.407 7）。在秩和比法评价中，RSR值排名前三名的为A（0.890 6）、G（0.765 6）和C（0.711 8），RSR值排名后三名的为V（0.381 9）、W（0.362 8）和K（0.357 6）。根据模糊集理论，将W1Ci+W2RSR值进行排序，依据"择多原则"，排名前三名的分别为A、C和G，排名后三名的分别为I、K和W，这与TOPSIS法和秩和比法的评价结果基本一致。结论TOPSIS法和秩和比法模糊联合得到的评价结果及影响因素与其他研究结果相一致，并且两者联用能克服单一使用TOPSIS法或秩和比法的局限性，适宜在基本公共卫生服务质量评价中推广应用。     

口腔科门诊应对新型冠状病毒感染防疫探讨

目前新型冠状病毒感染疫情在全国蔓延，疫情防控成为医院工作的重点。口腔科门诊患者人流量大、口腔疾患多、口腔内病菌种类复杂、诊疗过程中患者无法戴口罩、医务人员的手和器械需要接触患者的唾液、血液、病菌等，特别是在相对封闭的环境中长时间暴露于高浓度气溶胶情况下存在经气溶胶传播的可能。本院口腔科门诊通过开诊前准备、就诊期间应急管理、消毒隔离管理等方面细化防疫措施，成果显著，有效保障医患安全。     

国内外不孕不育患者健康相关生命质量量表的系统综述与评价研究

背景 健康相关生命质量（HRQoL）是用于评价临床疗效的重要指标。目前，不孕不育患者HRQoL量表得到了广泛应用，但尚不确定这些量表应用于临床时是否具有良好的测量性能，缺乏对量表的质量评价。 目的 系统综述与评价不孕不育患者HRQoL量表，为合理选择健康结果测量工具提供参考。 方法 于2020年10月，计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library、EmBase、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库，获取国内外公开发表的有关不孕不育患者HRQoL的研究，检索时限均为建库至2020-10-05。由两名研究者独立筛选文献和提取资料后，采用健康测量工具遴选标准（COSMIN）对不孕不育患者HRQoL特异性量表开发研究的方法学质量，以及量表的测量性能进行评价，采用描述分析法对评价结果进行汇总、分析。 结果 共纳入229篇文献，涉及19个不孕不育患者HRQoL量表，其中4个为不孕不育患者HRQoL特异性量表〔TLMK、生育生活质量量表（FertiQoL）、QOLICQ及中医肝郁型不孕症生命质量量表〕，4个为用于测评癌症及其他疾病患者HRQoL的特异性量表，11个为普适性HRQoL量表，FertiQoL量表在现有不孕不育患者HRQoL相关研究中被使用的频次最高〔39.1%（91/233）〕。PROMs开发方面，除FertiQoL量表开发的总体质量为"有问题的"外，其余3个量表开发的总体质量均为"不合格"。内容效度方面，FertiQoL、QOLICQ量表开发研究的方法学质量分别为"非常好""有问题的"，TLMK、中医肝郁型不孕症生命质量量表开发研究的方法学质量均为"合格"。结构效度方面，除QOLICQ量表开发研究方法学质量为"有问题的"外，其余3个量表开发研究的方法学质量为"合格"；4个量表的结构效度均为"不确定"。内部一致性方面，4个量表开发研究的方法学质量均为"非常好"，4个量表的内部一致性均为"足够"。重测信度方面，QOLICQ量表开发研究的方法学质量为"有问题的"，量表的重测信度为"不确定"。效标效度方面，中医肝郁型不孕症生命质量量表开发研究的方法学质量为"非常好"，量表的效标效度为"足够"。建构效度方面，TLMK量表开发研究的方法学质量为"非常好"，量表的建构效度为"足够"。反应度/灵敏度方面，FertiQoL量表开发研究的方法学质量为"非常好"，量表的反应度/灵敏度为"足够"。 结论 现存的不孕不育患者HRQoL特异性量表中，FertiQoL量表开发研究的方法学质量及量表的测量性能相对较高。中国不孕不育患者HRQoL特异性量表研究数量相对不足，未来应开展更多的研究。     

Feasibility of a method for low contrast CT image quality assessment using difference detail curves for abdominal scans

This work describes a measurement method for assessing dose-related image-quality of CT scans based on the difference detail curve (DDC) method, and showcases its use in a low contrast setting. The method is based on a phantom consisting of elliptical slices of different sizes into which contrast object modules can be inserted. These modules contain contrast objects based on (synthetic) resin mixtures with sucrose (native) or sodium iodine (contrast medium). Mixing ratios are provided to achieve a range of clinically relevant CT-numbers with these materials. The phantom is characterized in terms of contrast accuracy, energy dependency and long-term drift with satisfying results. Contrast accuracy and energy dependency are similar to that of water or soft tissue. Image quality of 655 scans of the phantom acquired at 30 different clinical institutions and with 16 different CT scanner models from 4 manufacturers was assessed by calculating a difference detail curve (DDC) from evaluation of up to 5 human observers using a custom-made software (RadiVates) described in this work. Based on these measurements, inter-observer variability was quantified using a bootstrap method and was shown to be a large contributor to the overall variability. This work demonstrates that assessment of CT image quality is feasible with the aforementioned phantom and DDC method.     

益气强心合并穴位艾灸治疗心力衰竭的临床观察

目的探讨益气强心合并穴位艾灸治疗心力衰竭的临床效果。方法选取2017年1月～2018年12月我院收治的心力衰竭患者60例,按照随机化原则分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组给予常规西药治疗,观察组给予益气强心合并穴位艾灸治疗,比较两组患者心功能疗效、中医证候积分、左室射血分数(LVEF)和生活质量。结果观察组患者心功能疗效总有效率为93.33%(28/30),明显高于对照组的73.33%(22/30),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组中医证候积分、LVEF、生活质量明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用益气强心配合穴位艾灸治疗心力衰竭临床效果确切,可改善患者心功能,提高生活质量,减少住院次数,降低死亡率,值得在临床中推广应用。     

Trends in Cervical Cancer Mortality in Brazilian Women who are Screened and Not Screened

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the trend in cervical cancer (ICD C53) mortality in Brazilian regions in women who are who are screened and not screened from 1996 to 2015. Methods: An epidemiological study, of time series of mortality from cervical cancer performed in 90,856 women under 24 years old (343 women), between 25 and 64 years old (32,703 women), and over 65 years old (10,909 women). The data from this research were collected from the DATASUS, from the SIM Health Surveillance Secretariat files, captured through TABNET selecting the resident population by gender and age group and ICD 10 C53 from 1996 to 2015. Results: Among women, 43.8% were white, and 76% had less than eight years of formal education. Polynomial regression showed an increasing trend in cervical cancer mortality in Brazil for women aged 15 - 24 years (p=0.01). Between 25 - 64 and 65 years or older it remained constant, but high (p=0.07; 0.99). The Northeast region pointed a growing trend in women aged 15 to 24 (p=0.01), 25 to 64 years (p=0.01) and 65 or older (p=0.001). The Northeast presented the highest average growth per year. In the Southeast, South and Midwest regions, decreasing trends were observed despite the high rates. The Joinpoint regression showed a 95% confidence interval, and that mortality from cervical cancer in the North region increased throughout the period analyzed. an increasing trend was observed from 1996 to 1998, whereas in the Midwest region, the trend remained stable throughout the period analyzed. The Federal District presented an upward trend from 1996 to 2015. In Brazil, an upward trend was observed throughout the whole period analyzed. Conclusions: Cervical cancer mortality in younger women is becoming more predominant, in addition to the high rate observed for women aged 65 or older.     

洛克米兰醇对肝癌HepG2细胞的抗增殖作用及其机制研究

目的研究传统中药米仔兰Aglaiaodorata中洛克米兰醇对肝癌细胞HepG2增殖的影响及抗肿瘤作用机制。方法 MTT、细胞克隆形成、EdU染色和CFDA染色方法考察洛克米兰醇对HepG2细胞的抗增殖效果;流式细胞仪检测洛克米兰醇对HepG2细胞细胞周期和细胞凋亡的变化;Western blotting检测洛克米兰醇对细胞周期调控蛋白和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路相关蛋白表达的影响。结果洛克米兰醇可以时间和浓度依赖性抑制HepG2细胞增殖。同等浓度下洛克米兰醇抗HepG2细胞增殖的效果好于阿霉素,而对正常肝细胞(L02)的毒性弱于阿霉素。流式细胞技术检测发现洛克米兰醇给药48 h能够诱导HepG2细胞G_2/M期细胞周期阻滞,但不诱导细胞凋亡。Western blotting研究发现该化合物抑制调控G_2/M周期相关蛋白cdc25C、cdc2和cyclin B1的表达并且激活细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)和c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)。对其机制深入研究发现,ERK抑制剂(U0126)可以部分逆转洛克米兰醇对HepG2的抗增殖和G_2/M周期阻滞及其抑制蛋白cdc25C和cdc2表达的效果。结论洛克米兰醇在抑制肝癌细胞增殖的效果和对正常肝细胞的选择性方面优于阿霉素。洛克米兰醇能够通过过度活化ERK,从而引起HepG2细胞G_2/M周期阻滞而达到抗增殖效果。